Child Custody in Divorce :Laws and Different Types

Understanding the laws related to child custody is an added benefit to your knowledge with regard to this. However when you consult experienced and qualified advocates from Litem, better clarity you get on these matters. Advocates at Litem ease the process of understanding all about divorce and child custody for you. All you have to do is give us a call at +919319267941 or fill the form with basic details.

But for an overview, let us understand all the laws that are related to child custody in India.

Custody Under Hindu Law

• Section 26 of Hindu Marriage Act 1955:   deals with the maintenance and education of a child. It only applies when both parents follow the Hindu religion. The court has the right to pass judgements and amendments at any point of time related to maintenance of the child and dispose of any pending decree within 60 days of the notice.
• Section 38 of Special Marriage Act 1954:   deals with the same i.e. maintenance and education of a child. It applies in cases when the marriage between the parents is registered under the Special Marriage Act, or in short if both the parents belong to different religions. Similar to section 26 of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 the court holds the power to pass judgements and amendments at any point of time.
• Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act 1956:  deals with the allowance for custody of the minor child to their biological parents only, provided that the child follows Hindu religion.
• Section 26 of Hindu Marriage Act 1955:  deals with the maintenance and education of a child. It only applies when both parents follow the Hindu religion. The court has the right to pass judgements and amendments at any point of time related to maintenance of the child and dispose of any pending decree within 60 days of the notice.
• Section 38 of Special Marriage Act 1954:   deals with the same i.e. maintenance and education of a child. It applies in cases when the marriage between the parents is registered under the Special Marriage Act, or in short if both the parents belong to different religions. Similar to section 26 of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 the court holds the power to pass judgements and amendments at any point of time.
• Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act 1956:   deals with the allowance for custody of the minor child to their biological parents only, provided that the child follows Hindu religion.

Custody Under Muslim Law

• The custody of a minor child in Islam is called Hizanat. Under this, only the mother has the right to seek the custody of the child until and unless she is found guilty of any misconduct. In case, the child is a boy, the mother has right to his custody till the age of 7 years and in case of a girl child, till the puberty. After the set time period, the father of the child has custodial rights.

Custody Under Parsi Law

• The custody of a child under Parsi law is dealt with by the provisions of the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890. The primary aim is the welfare of the child and can put anything to stake to make sure that the welfare of the child is confirmed.

Now you all have understood the meaning of child custody, and the laws related to child custody in India. Now it’s time to move to the next important aspect of child custody i.e. types of child custody in India. In India, there are majorly four types or forms of child custody namely physical custody, sole, joint, and legal custody.

• Physical Custody:   Physical Custody means that the child will reside with one parent while the other parent has a right to visit him/her only. The parent with the right of physical custody is the primary caretaker of the child and is responsible for the child's emotional, medical, and educational needs.
• Sole Custody:   As the name suggests, in this form of custody only a single or one parent is allowed to have legal and physical custody of the child. In this type, the other parent is deprived of having physical meets with the child. These custody are allotted incases when the other parent is incapable of having any form of responsibility over the child or deemed unfit for the custody of child.
• Joint Custody:  Likewise sole custody, joint custody also explains itself. In these types of custody physical and legal custody of the child is shared between both the parents. The child spends the same period of time living with each parent.However there are other specific joint custody cases as well where one parent has legal custody over the child but not the physical custody. In these scenarios the child resides with the one parent but the legal rights related to education, future remain in the hand of the other parent. There is one more special arrangement in this where legal right is with any one of the parents whereas child physical custody is shared between them.
• Third Party Custody:  This is the least favourite type of custody that any parent can wish for their child. In this type of custody, a third party other than the biological father or mother is given custody of the child. This case generally happens when parents refuse to take custody of children or are unable to support him/her.If we try to conclude the above four types then there is child custody in which only one parent is given the child custody whereas the other is only allowed to meet him/her. In the next form everything remains the same, just the other parent is strictly prohibited from meeting the child(ren). The third scenario is when none of the actual parents is allowed to give the child a visit, and the custody is given to any third person. And the last one is where both the parents are allowed and allocated an equal and fixed time for the custody of the child. That means half of the time child custody will be with one parent and the other half will be with the other one.